Public Family Trees/Stuart/Mary Stuart
1631 - 1660 · Female · St James's Palace, London, England
Daughter of Charles I Stuart and Henrietta Maria of France
11
Generation
23
Ancestors
1
Descendants
1
Children
1
Marriages
Mary, Princess Royal, was the eldest daughter of Charles I and Henrietta Maria and the mother of William III. Born at St James's Palace in 1631, she was the first English princess to hold the title Princess Royal. At nine she was married to William II, Prince of Orange, and she moved to the Dutch Republic, where she became a central support for her exiled brothers Charles and James during the years of the Commonwealt…
Born1631
Born to Charles I Stuart, Henrietta Maria of France.
Family
A partnership that connects two branches of the Stuart family.
Legacy
A defining role in the story of the Stuart family.
Died1660
The close of a life whose connections continue through the family record.
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Gen 1 · 1316 - 1390
Robert II was the first Stewart king of Scots, reigning from 1371 until his death in 1390. He was the son of Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland, and Marjorie Bruce, daughter of King Robert the Bruce, and it was through his mother that the crown eventually reached the Stewart line. Born at Paisley in 1316 and orphaned as an infant, he acted as Guardian of Scotland during the long absences and captivity of his uncle David II, and succeeded him in 1371 at the age of fifty-five. His reign saw renewed border warfare with England and a growing reliance on his sons to govern in his name. By his first wife, Elizabeth Mure of Rowallan, he was the father of Robert III, and every later Stewart and Stuart monarch descends from him.
Gen 3 · 1394 - 1437
James I was king of Scots from 1406 until 1437, though he spent the first eighteen years of his reign as a prisoner in England. Born at Dunfermline in 1394, the youngest son of Robert III and Annabella Drummond, he was captured at sea in 1406 while being sent to France and held at the English court, where he received an excellent education and is generally credited with the long courtly poem The Kingis Quair. Ransomed in 1424, he returned with his English wife Joan Beaufort and ruled with fierce energy, curbing the great magnates, reforming parliament and taxation, and destroying the rival Albany Stewarts. His reign ended when he was killed at Perth in February 1437, and his six-year-old son succeeded as James II.
Gen 4 · 1430 - 1460
James II was king of Scots from 1437 to 1460. Born at Holyrood in 1430 to James I and Joan Beaufort, he was six when he came to the throne, and his minority was dominated by the rivalries of the Livingston, Crichton and Douglas families. Taking power in his own right in the later 1440s, he broke the overmighty Black Douglases in a series of campaigns that ended with their forfeiture in 1455, and greatly strengthened the crown's lands and finances. He was an enthusiast for the new siege artillery of the age, and it was at the siege of the English-held Roxburgh Castle in August 1460 that he was killed when one of his own guns burst. His son succeeded as James III.
Gen 5 · 1452 - 1488
James III was king of Scots from 1460 to 1488. The son of James II and Mary of Guelders, he was about eight at his accession and grew into a cultivated but unpopular ruler, more interested in the arts, music and architecture than in the hunting and campaigning his nobility expected. His marriage to Margaret of Denmark in 1469 brought Orkney and Shetland into the Scottish crown in place of her unpaid dowry, a lasting gain. His attempts at friendship with England, his reliance on low-born favourites and his quarrels with his own brothers repeatedly set the magnates against him, and he was overthrown and killed in 1488 after the Battle of Sauchieburn, fought in the name of his eldest son, who became James IV.
Gen 6 · 1473 - 1513
James IV was king of Scots from 1488 to 1513 and is usually reckoned the most successful of the Stewart kings. The son of James III and Margaret of Denmark, he came to the throne at fifteen after the rebellion that ended his father's reign, and spent his life atoning for it. He was a genuine Renaissance prince: a linguist, a patron of the poets William Dunbar and Robert Henryson, a founder of the College of Surgeons in Edinburgh and of Scotland's first printing press, and the builder of the great warship the Michael. His marriage to Margaret Tudor in 1503, the Treaty of Perpetual Peace, eventually carried his descendants to the English throne. He was killed at the Battle of Flodden in 1513.
Gen 7 · 1512 - 1542
James V was king of Scots from 1513 to 1542. Born at Linlithgow Palace in 1512 to James IV and Margaret Tudor, he was seventeen months old when his father was killed at Flodden, and his long minority was fought over by his mother, the Earl of Angus and the Duke of Albany. Ruling in his own right from 1528, he built up the crown's revenues, taxed the church heavily and rebuilt Falkland, Stirling and Linlithgow in the new Renaissance manner. He kept Scotland's French alliance and Catholic allegiance against the pressure of his uncle Henry VIII, marrying first Madeleine of Valois and then Mary of Guise. He died at Falkland Palace in December 1542, days after the birth of his daughter Mary, Queen of Scots.
Gen 7 · 1515 - 1578
Lady Margaret Douglas, Countess of Lennox, was the daughter of Margaret Tudor by her second marriage to Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus, and therefore a niece of Henry VIII with a real place in the English succession. Born at Harbottle Castle in Northumberland in 1515, she was raised largely at the English court and was close to her cousin Mary I. Her marriage in 1544 to Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox, joined two claims to the Scottish and English thrones, and she worked tirelessly to advance them, promoting the marriage of her son Lord Darnley to Mary, Queen of Scots in 1565. That ambition twice landed her in the Tower of London. She died in 1578, grandmother of the future James VI and I.
Gen 10 · 1594 - 1612
Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, was the eldest son of James VI and I and Anne of Denmark and heir to the three kingdoms until his death at eighteen. Born at Stirling Castle in 1594 and raised there apart from his mother, he was invested as Prince of Wales in 1610 and quickly became the focus of enormous public expectation: athletic, militantly Protestant, keen on ships and naval power, and a serious collector of art and books whose collection later formed part of his brother's. He built his household at St James's Palace into a rival court to his father's. His death in November 1612 was met with extraordinary national mourning, and the succession passed to his younger brother, Charles I.
Gen 11 · 1630 - 1714
Sophia of Hanover was the granddaughter of James VI and I through whom the British crown passed to the House of Hanover. The twelfth child of Elizabeth Stuart and Frederick V, Elector Palatine, she was born in exile at The Hague in 1630 and grew up in a household famous for its learning; she corresponded for years with the philosopher Leibniz and was a notable intellectual figure in her own right. In 1658 she married Ernest Augustus, who became the first Elector of Hanover. The English Act of Settlement of 1701 named her and her Protestant descendants heirs to the throne after Queen Anne. She died in June 1714, weeks before Anne, and her son became King George I.
Gen 12 · 1662 - 1694
Mary II was queen of England, Scotland and Ireland from 1689 until her death in 1694, reigning jointly with her husband William III in the only true joint monarchy in British history. Born at St James's Palace in 1662, the elder daughter of James II and Anne Hyde, she was raised a Protestant on the orders of her uncle Charles II and married her Dutch cousin William of Orange in 1677. When parliament offered them the crown after her father fled in 1688, she insisted that William reign with her rather than as her consort. She governed the kingdoms alone and effectively during his long absences on campaign, and took a leading part in founding the Royal Hospital for Seamen at Greenwich. She died in 1694, childless.
Gen 13 · 1689 - 1700
Prince William, Duke of Gloucester, was the son of Princess Anne and Prince George of Denmark and, for eleven years, the only surviving heir of the Protestant Stuart line. Born at Hampton Court Palace in July 1689, in the first year of the reign of his uncle William III, he was created Duke of Gloucester and given a household of his own at Campden House in Kensington, where the philosopher John Locke advised on his education and Bishop Gilbert Burnet served as his tutor. He was known for drilling a company of boys as his own miniature army. His death at Windsor in July 1700, shortly after his eleventh birthday, left the Protestant succession without an heir and led directly to the Act of Settlement of 1701.
The Kennedy family is an Irish American political dynasty from Boston, Massachusetts, whose members have included the 35th President of the United States, three United States senators, four congressmen, several ambassadors, and the founders of the Peace Corps and the Special Olympics. Across four documented generations the family moved from a County Wexford farm to the White House, and its name became shorthand in American public life for both political ambition and public service. ## Origins The American line begins with Patrick Kennedy, a farmer's son from Dunganstown, near New Ross in County Wexford, who emigrated to East Boston during the Great Famine. His son, Patrick Joseph "P. J." Kennedy (1858 to 1929), built a livelihood in the liquor and banking trades and served in both houses of the Massachusetts legislature, becoming one of the Democratic ward leaders who ran the city's Irish Catholic politics. On the other side stood John Francis "Honey Fitz" Fitzgerald (1863 to 1950), congressman and twice Mayor of Boston. The two families joined in 1914 when P. J.'s son Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. married Honey Fitz's daughter Rose Fitzgerald. Their nine children, raised between Brookline, Bronxville and the compound at Hyannis Port on Cape Cod, form the generation the world knows. ## Notable members John F. Kennedy served as President from 1961 until his death in 1963, having previously represented Massachusetts in the House and Senate. His brother Robert F. Kennedy was Attorney General, then Senator from New York, and a candidate for the presidency in 1968. Their youngest brother Edward "Ted" Kennedy sat in the United States Senate for almost 47 years and was one of the most productive legislators of his era. The eldest son, Joseph P. Kennedy Jr., was a naval aviator killed on a volunteer mission in 1944. Away from elected office, Eunice Kennedy Shriver founded the Special Olympics, her husband Sargent Shriver created the Peace Corps and Head Start, and Jean Kennedy Smith founded the arts and disability organisation VSA before serving as United States Ambassador to Ireland. The following generations have produced congressmen, a lieutenant governor, ambassadors, documentary filmmakers, human rights advocates and journalists. ## Significance No other American family has combined electoral success, philanthropy and public visibility on this scale for so long. The Kennedys shaped the civil rights era, the space programme, immigration reform, health care legislation and the modern understanding of disability rights, and their private losses were mourned publicly in a way usually reserved for royalty. The Kennedy Library in Boston, the Kennedy Center in Washington and dozens of schools and institutions carry the name. | Fact | Details | | --- | --- | | Family name | Kennedy | | Irish origin | Dunganstown, County Wexford, Ireland | | American home | Boston and Hyannis Port, Massachusetts | | Founding couple | Patrick Joseph Kennedy and Mary Augusta Hickey | | Best known member | John F. Kennedy, 35th President of the United States | | Generations covered | Four | | Offices held | Presidency, US Senate, US House, ambassadorships, state office | | Institutions founded | Peace Corps, Special Olympics, Best Buddies, Citizens Energy |
The House of Hohenzollern is the German dynasty that ruled Brandenburg from 1415, held the Prussian crown from 1701, and gave Germany its three emperors between 1871 and the fall of the monarchy in 1918. This tree follows the senior Prussian line in one unbroken descent, from Frederick William the Great Elector, through the kings of Prussia and the German Emperors, down to Georg Friedrich, Prince of Prussia, the present head of the house. ## Origins The family takes its name from Hohenzollern Castle on a hill in the Swabian Alb, where a line of counts is recorded from the eleventh century. A Swabian Zollern married into the burgraviate of Nuremberg in 1192, and the Franconian branch that grew from it spent two centuries accumulating lands and credit with the Holy Roman Emperors. The decisive moment came in 1415, when Emperor Sigismund invested Frederick VI of Nuremberg as Elector of Brandenburg in return for his political and financial support. The Duchy of Prussia, a separate inheritance lying outside the Empire, passed to the Brandenburg electors in 1618, and Frederick William, the Great Elector, welded the two into a single functioning state after the devastation of the Thirty Years' War. ## Notable members Frederick I turned the electorate into a kingdom in 1701. His son Frederick William I, the Soldier King, built the army and the treasury that his own son, **Frederick the Great**, used to seize Silesia and to make Prussia a European power, while also composing music, building Sanssouci and corresponding with Voltaire. **Queen Louise** became the emotional centre of Prussian resistance to Napoleon. **Wilhelm I**, with Otto von Bismarck as his minister president, was proclaimed German Emperor at Versailles in 1871. His son **Frederick III** and the liberal English princess he married, Victoria, daughter of Queen Victoria, reigned for only ninety nine days. **Wilhelm II**, the last Kaiser, abdicated in 1918 and died in Dutch exile in 1941. ## Significance No other German family shaped the modern state so directly. Hohenzollern rulers created the Prussian civil service, compulsory schooling and the general staff, sponsored the Berlin academies and the Humboldt university model, and then used Prussian power to unify Germany around themselves. The monarchy ended with the revolution of November 1918, but the house continues as a private family: the headship passed from Wilhelm II to his eldest son, then to Louis Ferdinand, and in 1994 to Georg Friedrich, whose own father and uncles are part of the succession story told in this tree. ## Quick facts | Fact | Details | |---|---| | Family name | Hohenzollern | | Place of origin | Hohenzollern Castle, Swabia, southern Germany | | Ruled | Brandenburg from 1415, Prussia from 1618, Germany from 1871 | | Royal title | King in Prussia from 1701, King of Prussia from 1772 | | Imperial title | German Emperor, 1871 to 1918 | | German Emperors | Wilhelm I, Frederick III, Wilhelm II | | Monarchy ended | 9 November 1918 | | Present head of the house | Georg Friedrich, Prince of Prussia, since 1994 | | Principal residences | Berlin City Palace, Sanssouci and Cecilienhof at Potsdam, Charlottenburg | | Branch shown here | The senior Prussian line only, not Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen |
The Rockefeller family is an American business and philanthropic dynasty founded on the Standard Oil fortune of John D. Rockefeller, whose descendants have shaped American banking, conservation, medicine, modern art and national politics across five generations. From a modest upstate New York farmhouse the family rose to control the largest industrial enterprise of the Gilded Age, then spent the twentieth century converting that fortune into foundations, museums, parks and public office. ## Origins The line begins with William Avery Rockefeller (1810-1906), a traveling salesman from Granger, New York, and his wife Eliza Davison (1813-1889), who married in 1837 and raised six children in Richford, Moravia and Owego before the family moved to Ohio. Their eldest son, John D. Rockefeller, began as a Cleveland bookkeeper, entered oil refining in 1863 and incorporated the Standard Oil Company in 1870 together with his younger brother William Rockefeller. By the 1880s Standard Oil refined the great majority of American petroleum, until the Supreme Court ordered its dissolution in 1911. ## Notable members John D. Rockefeller and Laura Spelman Rockefeller had four children who reached adulthood, among them the Chicago arts patron Edith Rockefeller McCormick and the family's only son, John D. Rockefeller Jr. With Abby Aldrich Rockefeller, a co-founder of the Museum of Modern Art, John Jr. had six children who defined the family's public face: Abby "Babs" Rockefeller Mauze, the philanthropist John D. Rockefeller III, Nelson Rockefeller, who served four terms as Governor of New York and then as Vice President of the United States, the conservationist and venture capitalist Laurance Rockefeller, Winthrop Rockefeller, Governor of Arkansas, and the banker David Rockefeller of Chase Manhattan. Their children, known within the family as the Cousins, include Senator Jay Rockefeller of West Virginia, the Asmat art collector Michael Rockefeller, Lieutenant Governor Winthrop Paul Rockefeller of Arkansas, the economist Neva Goodwin and the Synergos founder Peggy Dulany. ## Significance The family's lasting mark is institutional rather than dynastic. The Rockefeller Foundation, the University of Chicago, Rockefeller University, the Rockefeller Brothers Fund, Rockefeller Center, the Museum of Modern Art, Colonial Williamsburg, Lincoln Center, the Asia Society and several national parks all trace their founding or their endowment to a Rockefeller. Few American families have moved so completely from industrial fortune to organized philanthropy and elected office within three generations. | Fact | Details | | --- | --- | | Surname | Rockefeller | | Origin | Richford, New York, United States | | Founder | John D. Rockefeller (1839-1937) | | Family business | Standard Oil, later Chase Manhattan Bank | | Known for | Standard Oil, the Rockefeller Foundation, Rockefeller Center, the Museum of Modern Art | | Public offices held | Vice President of the United States, Governor of New York, Governor of Arkansas, United States Senator | | Generations covered | Five, from William Avery Rockefeller to the fourth-generation Cousins |
Mary Stuart's recorded parents are Charles I Stuart, Henrietta Maria of France.
Mary Stuart has 1 recorded child: William III of Orange.
Mary Stuart married William II of Orange.
Mary Stuart has 5 recorded siblings: Charles II Stuart, James II and VII Stuart, Henrietta Anne Stuart, Elizabeth Stuart, Henry Stuart.
Mary Stuart is recorded as Princess Royal and Princess of Orange in the Stuart family tree.
Mary Stuart's recorded native place is St James's Palace, London, England.
23 ancestors and 1 descendant of Mary Stuart are recorded so far, within a tree of 49 people.
Mary Stuart is recorded in the Stuart family tree on My rOoOts, alongside 48 other people.
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