Xenia Alexandrovna

Nicholas I was Emperor of Russia from 1825 until his death in 1855, the third son of Paul I and younger brother of Alexander I, whom he succeeded after the Decembrist uprising. His nearly thirty-year reign was marked by military expansion, the codification of Russian law, and a conservative autocracy summarized in the doctrine of Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality. He is the great-grandfather of Nicholas II and the founder of the branch of the Romanov dynasty covered by this tree: his son Alexander II succeeded him, beginning the direct line that ended with the last tsar.

Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich was the fifth son of Alexander II and Maria Alexandrovna, and an uncle of Nicholas II. He served as Governor-General of Moscow from 1891 to 1905, a tenure marked by strict conservatism and by the Khodynka Tragedy of 1896 during Nicholas II's coronation festivities, for which he was widely blamed. In 1884 he married Princess Elisabeth of Hesse, who took the name Elizabeth Feodorovna, though the couple had no children. He died in Moscow in 1905, during the wave of political violence and unrest that also produced the 1905 Revolution.

Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna was the eldest child of Nicholas II and Alexandra Feodorovna. Born in 1895, she grew up alongside her sisters Tatiana, Maria, and Anastasia, and her younger brother Alexei, within the close-knit and largely secluded world of the imperial family. She trained as a Red Cross nurse during the First World War, working in a military hospital at Tsarskoye Selo alongside her mother and sister Tatiana. Thoughtful and musically gifted, she was reportedly reluctant about prospective political marriages proposed for her. After her father's abdication in 1917, she remained with her family in captivity until her death alongside them in 1918, at the age of 22.

Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna was the second daughter of Nicholas II and Alexandra Feodorovna, born in 1897. Tall and often described as the most poised of the four sisters, she was especially close to her mother and effectively ran the household during her father's absences at military headquarters. Like her elder sister Olga, she trained and served as a Red Cross nurse during the First World War, performing surgical assisting duties at the family's private hospital in Tsarskoye Selo. She, along with her sisters Olga, Maria, and Anastasia and her brother Alexei, remained with their parents throughout the family's captivity following the 1917 abdication, until her death with them in 1918.

Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna was the third daughter of Nicholas II and Alexandra Feodorovna, born in 1899. Known within the family for her warmth, physical strength, and fondness for children and soldiers, she was considered the most sociable of the four sisters. Together with her elder sisters Olga and Tatiana and younger sister Anastasia, she shared a close bond expressed in the family's habit of signing letters with the joint initials 'OTMA.' She spent her final months confined with her parents and siblings following Nicholas II's 1917 abdication, first at Tsarskoye Selo, then Tobolsk, and finally Yekaterinburg, where she died with her family in 1918 at the age of 19.

Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna was the fourth and youngest daughter of Nicholas II and Alexandra Feodorovna, born in 1901. Lively and known for her sharp wit, she was the youngest of the four sisters, Olga, Tatiana, Maria, and herself, who signed letters jointly as 'OTMA.' She died with her family in 1918, but persistent rumors that she had survived produced decades of impostor claims, most famously by Anna Anderson, making her the subject of enduring public fascination. DNA analysis of remains recovered near Yekaterinburg in 2007 and identified in 2009 confirmed that she died with the rest of her family, finally resolving the mystery that had surrounded her fate for most of the twentieth century.

Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna, born Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine, was the elder sister of Empress Alexandra Feodorovna and the wife of Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich, whom she married in 1884. Widowed in 1905, she withdrew from court life, sold her jewels, and founded the Convent of Saints Martha and Mary in Moscow, where she lived as a nun and devoted herself to charitable and medical work among the city's poor. Widely respected for her piety and humanitarian work even amid revolutionary upheaval, she was arrested with other members of the imperial family after the revolution and died in 1918, the same year as her sister and the Romanov branch she had married into.

Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich was the fifth child and only son of Nicholas II and Alexandra Feodorovna, born in 1904 and heir apparent to the Russian throne. He inherited haemophilia through his mother's line, a condition that caused recurring life-threatening episodes and shaped the private life of the imperial family, including its association with Grigori Rasputin, who was consulted for the boy's care. Despite his illness, he was reported to be lively and close to his four sisters. His father's abdication in March 1917 named him as successor before Nicholas instead passed the throne to his brother Michael. Alexei remained with his family throughout their captivity and died alongside them in 1918, aged 13.

Alexandra Feodorovna, born Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine, was Empress consort of Russia as the wife of Nicholas II, whom she married in 1894. A granddaughter of Britain's Queen Victoria, she carried the gene for haemophilia, which affected her only son, Alexei, and shaped much of the private life of her later years. She and Nicholas II had five children: Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia, and Alexei. Deeply religious and increasingly reclusive, she became associated with the controversial figure Grigori Rasputin, whom the family consulted over Alexei's illness. She was the elder sister of Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna. She died alongside her husband and children in 1918.