Public Family Trees/Romanov/Maria Nikolaevna
Photo: Boasson and Eggler at the Tsarskoe Selo Palace in 1914., Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
1899 - 1918 Β· Female Β· Peterhof, Russian Empire
Daughter of Nicholas II and Alexandra Feodorovna
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Maria Nikolaevna
1899 - 1918
Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna was the third daughter of Nicholas II and Alexandra Feodorovna, born in 1899. Known within the family for her warmth, physical strength, and fondness for children and soldiers, she was considered the most sociable of the four sisters. Together with her elder sisters Olga and Tatiana and younger sister Anastasia, she shared a close bond expressed in the family's habit of signing lettersβ¦
Legacy
A defining role in the story of the Romanov family.
Died1918
The close of a life whose connections continue through the family record.
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Gen 1 Β· 1796 - 1855
Nicholas I was Emperor of Russia from 1825 until his death in 1855, the third son of Paul I and younger brother of Alexander I, whom he succeeded after the Decembrist uprising. His nearly thirty-year reign was marked by military expansion, the codification of Russian law, and a conservative autocracy summarized in the doctrine of Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality. He is the great-grandfather of Nicholas II and the founder of the branch of the Romanov dynasty covered by this tree: his son Alexander II succeeded him, beginning the direct line that ended with the last tsar.
Gen 2 Β· 1818 - 1881
Alexander II reigned as Emperor of Russia from 1855 until his death in 1881. Known as the 'Tsar Liberator,' he is best remembered for the Emancipation Reform of 1861, which abolished serfdom across the Russian Empire, alongside sweeping judicial, military, and local-government reforms. He was the eldest son of Nicholas I and married Maria Alexandrovna, with whom he had several children including his successor, Alexander III, and Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich. His reign bridged the conservative rule of his father and the more autocratic turn of his son, and his reforms reshaped Russian society in the decades before the revolution.
Gen 3 Β· 1857 - 1905
Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich was the fifth son of Alexander II and Maria Alexandrovna, and an uncle of Nicholas II. He served as Governor-General of Moscow from 1891 to 1905, a tenure marked by strict conservatism and by the Khodynka Tragedy of 1896 during Nicholas II's coronation festivities, for which he was widely blamed. In 1884 he married Princess Elisabeth of Hesse, who took the name Elizabeth Feodorovna, though the couple had no children. He died in Moscow in 1905, during the wave of political violence and unrest that also produced the 1905 Revolution.
Gen 4 Β· 1875 - 1960
Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna was the eldest daughter of Alexander III and Maria Feodorovna, and the elder sister of Nicholas II. In 1894 she married her cousin Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich, with whom she had seven children. She lived through the fall of the Romanov dynasty and, along with her mother, escaped Russia via Crimea in 1919, eventually settling in Britain, where relatives including King George V offered her refuge. She spent the rest of her life in exile, remaining close to her mother until Maria Feodorovna's death in 1928. Xenia outlived nearly all of her immediate family, dying in England in 1960, more than four decades after the revolution that ended her family's rule.
Gen 4 Β· 1878 - 1918
Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich was the youngest son of Alexander III and Maria Feodorovna, and the younger brother of Nicholas II. When Nicholas abdicated in March 1917, he named Michael as his successor, but Michael declined to accept the throne unless offered it by a popularly elected assembly, effectively ending three centuries of Romanov rule the following day. He had served as a cavalry officer and briefly commanded troops during the First World War. His morganatic marriage to Natalia Sheremetevskaya, a divorcee, had caused a rift with Nicholas II and led to a period of exile abroad before the war. He died in 1918, shortly before Nicholas II and his immediate family.
Gen 4 Β· 1882 - 1960
Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna was the youngest child of Alexander III and Maria Feodorovna, and the youngest sister of Nicholas II. She trained as a nurse and worked in field hospitals during the First World War. Her first marriage, to Duke Peter Alexandrovich of Oldenburg, was unhappy and later annulled; she then married cavalry officer Nikolai Kulikovsky, with whom she had two sons. She escaped Russia with her mother in 1919 via Crimea, lived for a time in Denmark, and later settled in Canada in 1948. A skilled amateur painter, she remained close to her brother's family and was one of the last Romanovs to have known Nicholas II's children personally. She died near Toronto in 1960.
Gen 2 Β· 1824 - 1880
Maria Alexandrovna, born Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine, was Empress consort of Russia as the wife of Alexander II, whom she married in 1841. She was known for her piety and charitable work, founding hospitals and schools and supporting the Russian Red Cross movement. She and Alexander II had eight children, including Alexander III, who succeeded his father as emperor, and Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich. Her health declined in later years, and she died in 1880, the year before her husband. She is an ancestor of Nicholas II through her son Alexander III.
Gen 3 Β· 1864 - 1918
Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna, born Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine, was the elder sister of Empress Alexandra Feodorovna and the wife of Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich, whom she married in 1884. Widowed in 1905, she withdrew from court life, sold her jewels, and founded the Convent of Saints Martha and Mary in Moscow, where she lived as a nun and devoted herself to charitable and medical work among the city's poor. Widely respected for her piety and humanitarian work even amid revolutionary upheaval, she was arrested with other members of the imperial family after the revolution and died in 1918, the same year as her sister and the Romanov branch she had married into.
The Vanderbilts are an American family who rose from Dutch farming stock on Staten Island to hold the largest private fortune in the United States, built by Cornelius Vanderbilt, known as the Commodore, out of nineteenth century shipping and railroads, and known today for the Gilded Age houses their descendants built and for figures from Consuelo, Duchess of Marlborough, to the journalist Anderson Cooper. ## Origins on Staten Island The family descends from Jan Aertsen van der Bilt, a Dutch settler who reached New Netherland in the seventeenth century and whose descendants farmed on Staten Island for generations. Cornelius Vanderbilt (1794-1877) was born there, the son of a boatman, and began work as a teenager carrying freight across New York Harbour in a single sailing barge. He married his first cousin Sophia Johnson in 1813. ## The railroad fortune Vanderbilt moved from sail to steam, dominated the Hudson River and coastal trade, and after the Civil War turned to railroads, consolidating the New York Central system and building Grand Central Depot. He left almost the whole fortune to one son, William Henry Vanderbilt, who nearly doubled it in eight years before dividing it evenly among his own eight children. They built the family's great houses: The Breakers and Marble House at Newport, Biltmore House in North Carolina, Hyde Park on the Hudson, Florham in New Jersey and Shelburne Farms in Vermont. ## Notable members The third and fourth generations produced Consuelo Vanderbilt, who married the 9th Duke of Marlborough and became a social reformer in England; the sculptor Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney, founder of the Whitney Museum of American Art; Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt, who died in the sinking of the Lusitania; and Harold Stirling Vanderbilt, who won the America's Cup three times and invented contract bridge. The modern line runs through Reginald Claypoole Vanderbilt to the designer Gloria Vanderbilt and her son, the CNN anchor Anderson Cooper. ## Significance No American family is more closely identified with the Gilded Age. The Vanderbilts set the pattern for how new industrial wealth was spent, and then for how quickly such a fortune disperses across many heirs. What endures is institutional: Vanderbilt University, the Whitney Museum, and the houses at Newport, Hyde Park, Shelburne and Asheville that are now museums and public estates. | Fact | Details | | --- | --- | | Founder | Cornelius Vanderbilt (1794-1877), the Commodore | | Origin | Staten Island, New York, of Dutch descent | | Source of wealth | Steamboat shipping, then the New York Central railroads | | Famous houses | The Breakers, Marble House, Biltmore House, Hyde Park | | Best known members | Consuelo Vanderbilt, Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney, Gloria Vanderbilt, Anderson Cooper | | Generations covered | Five, from the Commodore to Anderson Cooper |
The House of Hohenzollern is the German dynasty that ruled Brandenburg from 1415, held the Prussian crown from 1701, and gave Germany its three emperors between 1871 and the fall of the monarchy in 1918. This tree follows the senior Prussian line in one unbroken descent, from Frederick William the Great Elector, through the kings of Prussia and the German Emperors, down to Georg Friedrich, Prince of Prussia, the present head of the house. ## Origins The family takes its name from Hohenzollern Castle on a hill in the Swabian Alb, where a line of counts is recorded from the eleventh century. A Swabian Zollern married into the burgraviate of Nuremberg in 1192, and the Franconian branch that grew from it spent two centuries accumulating lands and credit with the Holy Roman Emperors. The decisive moment came in 1415, when Emperor Sigismund invested Frederick VI of Nuremberg as Elector of Brandenburg in return for his political and financial support. The Duchy of Prussia, a separate inheritance lying outside the Empire, passed to the Brandenburg electors in 1618, and Frederick William, the Great Elector, welded the two into a single functioning state after the devastation of the Thirty Years' War. ## Notable members Frederick I turned the electorate into a kingdom in 1701. His son Frederick William I, the Soldier King, built the army and the treasury that his own son, **Frederick the Great**, used to seize Silesia and to make Prussia a European power, while also composing music, building Sanssouci and corresponding with Voltaire. **Queen Louise** became the emotional centre of Prussian resistance to Napoleon. **Wilhelm I**, with Otto von Bismarck as his minister president, was proclaimed German Emperor at Versailles in 1871. His son **Frederick III** and the liberal English princess he married, Victoria, daughter of Queen Victoria, reigned for only ninety nine days. **Wilhelm II**, the last Kaiser, abdicated in 1918 and died in Dutch exile in 1941. ## Significance No other German family shaped the modern state so directly. Hohenzollern rulers created the Prussian civil service, compulsory schooling and the general staff, sponsored the Berlin academies and the Humboldt university model, and then used Prussian power to unify Germany around themselves. The monarchy ended with the revolution of November 1918, but the house continues as a private family: the headship passed from Wilhelm II to his eldest son, then to Louis Ferdinand, and in 1994 to Georg Friedrich, whose own father and uncles are part of the succession story told in this tree. ## Quick facts | Fact | Details | |---|---| | Family name | Hohenzollern | | Place of origin | Hohenzollern Castle, Swabia, southern Germany | | Ruled | Brandenburg from 1415, Prussia from 1618, Germany from 1871 | | Royal title | King in Prussia from 1701, King of Prussia from 1772 | | Imperial title | German Emperor, 1871 to 1918 | | German Emperors | Wilhelm I, Frederick III, Wilhelm II | | Monarchy ended | 9 November 1918 | | Present head of the house | Georg Friedrich, Prince of Prussia, since 1994 | | Principal residences | Berlin City Palace, Sanssouci and Cecilienhof at Potsdam, Charlottenburg | | Branch shown here | The senior Prussian line only, not Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen |
The Rockefeller family is an American business and philanthropic dynasty founded on the Standard Oil fortune of John D. Rockefeller, whose descendants have shaped American banking, conservation, medicine, modern art and national politics across five generations. From a modest upstate New York farmhouse the family rose to control the largest industrial enterprise of the Gilded Age, then spent the twentieth century converting that fortune into foundations, museums, parks and public office. ## Origins The line begins with William Avery Rockefeller (1810-1906), a traveling salesman from Granger, New York, and his wife Eliza Davison (1813-1889), who married in 1837 and raised six children in Richford, Moravia and Owego before the family moved to Ohio. Their eldest son, John D. Rockefeller, began as a Cleveland bookkeeper, entered oil refining in 1863 and incorporated the Standard Oil Company in 1870 together with his younger brother William Rockefeller. By the 1880s Standard Oil refined the great majority of American petroleum, until the Supreme Court ordered its dissolution in 1911. ## Notable members John D. Rockefeller and Laura Spelman Rockefeller had four children who reached adulthood, among them the Chicago arts patron Edith Rockefeller McCormick and the family's only son, John D. Rockefeller Jr. With Abby Aldrich Rockefeller, a co-founder of the Museum of Modern Art, John Jr. had six children who defined the family's public face: Abby "Babs" Rockefeller Mauze, the philanthropist John D. Rockefeller III, Nelson Rockefeller, who served four terms as Governor of New York and then as Vice President of the United States, the conservationist and venture capitalist Laurance Rockefeller, Winthrop Rockefeller, Governor of Arkansas, and the banker David Rockefeller of Chase Manhattan. Their children, known within the family as the Cousins, include Senator Jay Rockefeller of West Virginia, the Asmat art collector Michael Rockefeller, Lieutenant Governor Winthrop Paul Rockefeller of Arkansas, the economist Neva Goodwin and the Synergos founder Peggy Dulany. ## Significance The family's lasting mark is institutional rather than dynastic. The Rockefeller Foundation, the University of Chicago, Rockefeller University, the Rockefeller Brothers Fund, Rockefeller Center, the Museum of Modern Art, Colonial Williamsburg, Lincoln Center, the Asia Society and several national parks all trace their founding or their endowment to a Rockefeller. Few American families have moved so completely from industrial fortune to organized philanthropy and elected office within three generations. | Fact | Details | | --- | --- | | Surname | Rockefeller | | Origin | Richford, New York, United States | | Founder | John D. Rockefeller (1839-1937) | | Family business | Standard Oil, later Chase Manhattan Bank | | Known for | Standard Oil, the Rockefeller Foundation, Rockefeller Center, the Museum of Modern Art | | Public offices held | Vice President of the United States, Governor of New York, Governor of Arkansas, United States Senator | | Generations covered | Five, from William Avery Rockefeller to the fourth-generation Cousins |
Maria Nikolaevna's recorded parents are Nicholas II, Alexandra Feodorovna.
Maria Nikolaevna has 4 recorded siblings: Olga Nikolaevna, Tatiana Nikolaevna, Anastasia Nikolaevna, Alexei Nikolaevich.
Maria Nikolaevna is recorded as Grand Duchess of Russia in the Romanov family tree.
Maria Nikolaevna's recorded native place is Peterhof, Russian Empire.
7 ancestors and 0 descendants of Maria Nikolaevna are recorded so far, within a tree of 17 people.
Maria Nikolaevna is recorded as Nicholas II's Daughter.
Maria Nikolaevna is recorded in the Romanov family tree on My rOoOts, alongside 16 other people.
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