Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney

Cornelius Vanderbilt, known throughout his life as the Commodore, was an American shipping and railroad magnate who built the largest private fortune in the United States of his day. Born on Staten Island, New York, into a family of Dutch descent whose father worked as a boatman, he began with a single sailing barge in New York Harbour as a teenager, expanded into steamboats on the Hudson and on coastal and transatlantic routes, then moved into railroads after the Civil War, consolidating the New York Central system and building Grand Central Depot in Manhattan. He married his first cousin Sophia Johnson and, after her death, Frank Armstrong Crawford. Of his thirteen children he entrusted the fortune almost entirely to his eldest surviving son, William Henry Vanderbilt. A gift of one million dollars in 1873 founded Vanderbilt University in Nashville.

William Henry Vanderbilt was an American railroad executive who, on inheriting the bulk of his father Cornelius Vanderbilt's estate in 1877, nearly doubled the family fortune in eight years and left about two hundred million dollars at his death. Born in New Brunswick, New Jersey, he was long dismissed by his father as unfit for business and sent to farm on Staten Island, where his success in running the Staten Island Railway won him a place in the family enterprises. As president of the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad he extended the system westward and built the twin mansions on Fifth Avenue. With his wife Maria Louisa Kissam he had eight children, including Cornelius Vanderbilt II, William Kissam Vanderbilt and George Washington Vanderbilt II, and he divided his estate far more evenly among them than his father had.

Frank Armstrong Crawford Vanderbilt was the second wife of Cornelius Vanderbilt, whom she married in 1869, and a distant cousin of his through her mother. Born in Mobile, Alabama, and given a man's name after a family friend, she was educated in the South and was some forty five years younger than her husband. She is remembered chiefly for persuading him to make the gift of one million dollars that in 1873 endowed the Central University of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, in Nashville, renamed Vanderbilt University in his honour; the institution's founder, Bishop Holland McTyeire, was her kinsman. She had no children with Vanderbilt and survived him by eight years.

William Kissam Vanderbilt was an American railroad executive, thoroughbred breeder and yachtsman, the second son of William Henry Vanderbilt. Born at New Dorp on Staten Island, New York, he managed the family's railroad interests alongside his brother Cornelius Vanderbilt II before withdrawing from business to concentrate on racing in France and on collecting. With his first wife Alva Erskine Smith he built the Petit Chateau at 660 Fifth Avenue and Marble House at Newport, and used the celebrated costume ball of 1883 to force open the doors of Mrs Astor's New York society. Their children were Consuelo, Duchess of Marlborough, William Kissam Vanderbilt II and Harold Stirling Vanderbilt. After his divorce in 1895 he married Anne Harriman.

Emily Thorn Vanderbilt was a daughter of William Henry Vanderbilt and Maria Louisa Kissam and a philanthropist in New York City. She married William Douglas Sloane of the furnishings firm W. and J. Sloane in 1872, and with him built Elm Court at Lenox in the Berkshires, one of the largest shingle style houses in America. She was a principal benefactor of the Sloane Hospital for Women in New York, endowed with her husband, and of institutions at Lenox and in the city. Widowed in 1915, she married the diplomat Henry White in 1920. Sister of Cornelius Vanderbilt II, William Kissam Vanderbilt and George Washington Vanderbilt II, she lived to the age of ninety three.

Cornelius Vanderbilt III was an American military officer, engineer and yachtsman, the eldest surviving son of Cornelius Vanderbilt II. Born in New York City and trained at Yale in mechanical engineering, he patented improvements to locomotives and railway cars and held senior posts in the New York Central system. His marriage in 1896 to Grace Graham Wilson, made against his father's wishes, cost him his place as principal heir, most of the estate passing instead to his younger brother Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt. He served in the Spanish American War and commanded engineer troops in France in the First World War, rising to brigadier general, and was a prominent member of the New York Yacht Club.

Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt was an American businessman and sportsman who became the principal heir of his father Cornelius Vanderbilt II after his elder brother's marriage displaced him. Born in New York City and educated at Yale, he held directorships in the family railroads but was best known as a coaching enthusiast, reviving four in hand coach driving on English and American roads and racing horses under his own colours. He married Elsie French in 1901 and Margaret Emerson in 1911. He died in May 1915 in the sinking of the Cunard liner Lusitania off the Irish coast, where survivors described him helping women and children into the boats. His sons included William Henry Vanderbilt III and Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt Jr.

John Albert Edward William Spencer-Churchill, 10th Duke of Marlborough, was a British peer, the elder son of the 9th Duke and Consuelo Vanderbilt and therefore a grandson of William Kissam Vanderbilt. Educated at Eton, he served in the Life Guards in the First World War and again in the Second, during which Blenheim Palace, which he had inherited in 1934, was given over first to a relocated school and then to government intelligence work. He sat in the House of Lords, held county office in Oxfordshire, and worked to keep Blenheim intact by opening it more fully to visitors. He was a first cousin once removed of Winston Churchill.

Cornelius Vanderbilt IV, known as Neil, was an American journalist, newspaper publisher and author, the son of Cornelius Vanderbilt III and Grace Graham Wilson. Born in New York City, he broke with family expectation by taking work as a reporter on the New York Herald rather than entering business, then founded a short lived chain of tabloid newspapers in Los Angeles, San Francisco and Miami in the 1920s. He worked afterwards as a foreign correspondent and lecturer, interviewing European leaders in the 1930s, served in the United States Army in the Second World War, and wrote several books of memoir and reportage, among them Farewell to Fifth Avenue, a critical account of the world he was born into.

Anderson Hays Cooper is an American broadcast journalist and author, the anchor of Anderson Cooper 360 on CNN and a correspondent for CBS's 60 Minutes. Born in New York City, the younger son of the designer Gloria Vanderbilt and the author Wyatt Emory Cooper, he is a great great great grandson of Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt. He studied political science at Yale, then began reporting by carrying a camera into Burma, Vietnam and Somalia and selling the results to Channel One. He joined ABC News and then CNN, where his reporting from New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina in 2005 established him as one of the network's central figures. He wrote The Rainbow Comes and Goes with his mother and Vanderbilt: The Rise and Fall of an American Dynasty with Katherine Howe.

Cornelius Jeremiah Vanderbilt was the younger surviving son of Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt and Sophia Johnson, and the brother of William Henry Vanderbilt. Born on Staten Island, New York, he was in poor health from childhood and never entered the family shipping or railroad businesses, living instead on allowances from his father and on money raised against the family name. When the Commodore died in 1877 leaving him only the income from a small trust while his brother received almost everything, he contested the will in a celebrated New York court battle that ran for more than a year and aired the family's private affairs in the press. The case was settled in 1879, and he died three years later.