Complete Family Relationship Names and Family Tree in Sanskrit

Learn complete Sanskrit family relationship names with English meanings, including parents, siblings, grandparents, in-laws, and a clear sample family tree in Sanskrit.

Complete Family Relationship Names and Family Tree in Sanskrit

Sanskrit has a rich and precise vocabulary for family relationships. Many modern Indian languages still use words derived from these ancient terms. Whether you are studying genealogy, reading classical texts, or building a bilingual family tree, knowing the correct Sanskrit names for relatives is very useful. This guide gives a clear list of the most important family relationship terms and shows how they fit into a simple family tree.

Immediate Family in Sanskrit

English	Sanskrit (Devanagari)	Transliteration
Father	पिता	Pitā
Mother	माता	Mātā
Parents	पितरौ / मातापितरौ	Pitarau / Mātāpitarau
Son	पुत्र	Putra
Daughter	पुत्री	Putrī
Children	अपत्यानि / सुताः	Apatyāni / Sutāḥ
Brother	भ्राता	Bhrātā
Sister	भगिनी	Bhaginī
Husband	पति	Pati
Wife	पत्नी	Patnī

Grandparents and Great-Grandparents

English	Sanskrit	Transliteration
Grandfather (paternal)	पितामह	Pitāmaha
Grandmother (paternal)	पितामही	Pitāmahī
Grandfather (maternal)	मातामह	Mātāmaha
Grandmother (maternal)	मातामही	Mātāmahī
Great-grandfather	प्रपितामह	Prapitāmaha
Great-grandmother	प्रपितामही	Prapitāmahī

Uncles, Aunts, Nephews and Nieces

English	Sanskrit	Transliteration
Paternal uncle	पितृव्य	Pitṛvya
Maternal uncle	मातुल	Mātula
Paternal aunt	पितृष्वसा	Pitṛṣvasā
Maternal aunt	मातृष्वसा	Mātṛṣvasā
Nephew (brother’s son)	भ्रातृपुत्र / भ्रात्रीय	Bhrātṛputra / Bhrātrīya
Niece (brother’s daughter)	भ्रातृपुत्री	Bhrātṛputrī
Nephew (sister’s son)	भागिनेय	Bhāgineya
Niece (sister’s daughter)	भागिनेयी	Bhāgineyī

In-Laws in Sanskrit

English	Sanskrit	Transliteration
Father-in-law	श्वशुर	Śvaśura
Mother-in-law	श्वश्रू	Śvaśrū
Son-in-law	जामाता	Jāmātā
Daughter-in-law	स्नुषा	Snuṣā
Brother-in-law	श्याल / देवर	Śyāla / Devara
Sister-in-law	श्याली / ननान्दृ	Śyālī / Nanāndṛ

Other Important Relations

English	Sanskrit	Transliteration
Grandson	पौत्र	Pautra
Granddaughter	पौत्री	Pautrī
Cousin (father’s side)	पितृव्यपुत्र	Pitṛvyaputra
Step-mother	विमाता	Vimātā
Co-wife	सपत्नी	Sapatnī
Ancestor	पूर्वज / पितृ	Pūrvaja / Pitṛ

Sample Family Tree Using Sanskrit Terms

           पितामह ────── पितामही
                  │
                  │
           पिता ─────── माता
                  │
          ┌───────┴───────┐
          │               │
        पुत्र                 पुत्री

A fuller version can include:

                    मातामह ────── मातामही
                           │
        मातुल ──────────────┼──────────── मातृष्वसा
                           │
                    पिता ─────── माता
                           │
          ┌────────────────┴────────────────┐
          │                                 │
        पुत्र                                   पुत्री
          │                                 │
     पौत्र / पौत्री                             दौहित्र / दौहित्री

Extended Three-Generation Sanskrit Family Tree:

       प्रपितामह ────── प्रपितामही
               │
      पितामह ──────── पितामही
               │
      पिता ─────────── माता
               │
     ┌─────────┼─────────┐
     │         │         │
     पुत्र        पुत्री     सहोदर / सहोदरी
     │
  ┌──┴──┐
  │     │
पौत्र      पौत्री

Why Sanskrit Relationship Terms Matter

Sanskrit kinship terms are highly specific. They often distinguish between maternal and paternal sides and between different types of uncles, aunts, and cousins. This precision is valuable for:

Reading Itihāsa and Purāṇa genealogies
Understanding traditional Indian family structures
Creating accurate bilingual or scholarly family trees
Genealogical research involving older Indian records

Create Your Own Family Tree with Correct Relationship Names

You can record family members using English, Sanskrit, or both. A clear digital tree helps keep relationships accurate across generations.

Start your private family tree for free at the My rOoOts Create Family Tree page.

Helpful tools:

These tools make it easy to organise parents, siblings, children, and extended relations in one place.

Frequently Asked Questions: Sanskrit Family Relationship Names

What is the Sanskrit word for father and mother?
Father is पिता (Pitā) and mother is माता (Mātā).

How do you say grandfather in Sanskrit?
Paternal grandfather is पितामह (Pitāmaha) and maternal grandfather is मातामह (Mātāmaha). Paternal grandmother is पितामही (Pitāmahī).

What is the Sanskrit term for brother and sister?
Brother is भ्राता (Bhrātā) and sister is भगिनी (Bhaginī).

How do you say son and daughter in Sanskrit?
Son is पुत्र (Putra) and daughter is पुत्री (Putrī).

What is the Sanskrit word for husband and wife?
Husband is पति (Pati) and wife is पत्नी (Patnī).

How do you say father-in-law and mother-in-law in Sanskrit?
Father-in-law is श्वशुर (Śvaśura) and mother-in-law is श्वश्रू (Śvaśrū).

What is the Sanskrit term for maternal uncle?
Maternal uncle is मातुल (Mātula). Paternal uncle is पितृव्य (Pitṛvya).

How do you say grandson and granddaughter in Sanskrit?
Grandson is पौत्र (Pautra) and granddaughter is पौत्री (Pautrī).

Is there a difference between maternal and paternal relations in Sanskrit?
Yes. Sanskrit often uses distinct words for the maternal and paternal sides (for example, मातामह vs पितामह, मातुल vs पितृव्य).

How can I use Sanskrit relationship names in a family tree?
You can label each person with the appropriate Sanskrit term (or both English and Sanskrit) when building a digital family tree. Tools such as My rOoOts allow you to record names and relationships clearly in any language.

Conclusion

Sanskrit offers a complete and precise set of names for family relationships — from पिता and माता to पितामह, मातुल, श्वशुर, पुत्र, and पौत्र. Using these terms correctly helps in both classical studies and modern family-history work. A well-structured family tree that includes the proper Sanskrit relationship names turns a simple list of people into a clear map of kinship.

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Choose a 3-generation, 4-generation, or 5-generation family tree template and save it as a PDF for printing, writing, and documenting your ancestors.

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👉 Explore the DNA relationship chart: DNA Relationship Chart

Use the chart to explore typical shared DNA percentages and understand the terminology used for parents, siblings, grandparents, cousins, aunts, uncles, and other relatives.

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