Public Family Trees/Medici/Catherine de' Medici
1519 - 1589 · Female · Florence, Republic of Florence
Daughter of Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino and Madeleine de la Tour d'Auvergne
7
Generation
11
Ancestors
0
Descendants
0
Children
0
Marriages
Catherine de' Medici
1519 - 1589
Catherine de' Medici (1519-1589) was the daughter of Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino, and Madeleine de la Tour d'Auvergne, orphaned within weeks of her birth and raised under the protection of her great-uncle Pope Clement VII, who arranged her marriage in 1533 to Henry, later King Henry II of France. As queen consort and then queen mother, she wielded major political influence in France for three decades, ruling a…
Born1519
Born to Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino, Madeleine de la Tour d'Auvergne.
Legacy
A defining role in the story of the Medici family.
Died1589
The close of a life whose connections continue through the family record.
Your turn
Free, with no sign-up to start. Add yourself, then your parents and grandparents, and watch the tree grow.
Gen 1 · 1360 - 1429
Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici (1360-1429) was a Florentine banker who founded the Medici Bank around 1397, building it into one of the largest and most respected financial institutions in Europe through careful management and close ties to the papacy. He avoided the ostentation of rival families, cultivated a reputation for civic modesty, and served in senior offices of the Florentine republic without seeking overt political dominance. His sons Cosimo and Lorenzo the Elder inherited both the bank and its fortune, and it was Cosimo who transformed the family's wealth into lasting political power. Giovanni is regarded as the founder of the Medici dynasty, laying the financial foundation on which four centuries of Medici influence in Florence and beyond were built.
Gen 2 · 1389 - 1464
Cosimo de' Medici (1389-1464), known as Cosimo the Elder and later honored as Pater Patriae ('Father of the Fatherland'), transformed his father Giovanni di Bicci's banking fortune into effective political control of the Republic of Florence. Though he held no formal title beyond ordinary republican offices, he dominated the city's government from behind the scenes for three decades through alliances, patronage, and careful management of public opinion. A discerning patron of the arts and humanist learning, he funded Brunelleschi's architecture and Donatello's sculpture, and built the Medici Bank into the most powerful financial institution in Europe. His grandson Lorenzo the Magnificent would later be seen as completing the political and cultural project Cosimo began.
Gen 2 · 1395 - 1440
Lorenzo de' Medici (1395-1440), called Lorenzo the Elder to distinguish him from his more famous great-nephew, was the younger son of Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici and the brother of Cosimo de' Medici. He worked alongside Cosimo in the family bank but did not seek the same political prominence in Florence. His son Pierfrancesco de' Medici founded what became known as the 'Popolano' or junior branch of the family, a line that later produced Giovanni dalle Bande Nere and, through him, Cosimo I, the first Grand Duke of Tuscany. Though less celebrated than his brother's descendants, Lorenzo the Elder's branch ultimately inherited rule over Florence when the senior line failed.
Gen 3 · 1416 - 1469
Piero di Cosimo de' Medici (1416-1469), known as Piero the Gouty for the severe arthritis that afflicted him, was the son of Cosimo de' Medici and Contessina de' Bardi and led Florence for five years after his father's death in 1464. Despite chronic illness that often confined him to bed, he survived a conspiracy against Medici rule in 1466 and preserved the family's dominant position in the city. He married Lucrezia Tornabuoni, a poet in her own right, and together they raised Lorenzo the Magnificent and Giuliano de' Medici, ensuring a smooth succession of Medici leadership. He was also a discerning collector who continued his father's patronage of Florentine artists.
Gen 3 · 1430 - 1476
Pierfrancesco de' Medici (1430-1476) was the son of Lorenzo de' Medici the Elder and grandson of Giovanni di Bicci, heading the junior, 'Popolano' branch of the family descended from Cosimo the Elder's brother. He and his branch held a significant share of the family bank's capital but, unlike his cousins descended from Cosimo, largely stayed out of the front rank of Florentine politics during his lifetime. His two sons, Lorenzo and Giovanni di Pierfrancesco, both called 'il Popolano', continued the branch; Giovanni's marriage to Caterina Sforza produced Giovanni dalle Bande Nere, whose own son Cosimo I would eventually inherit rule over Florence after the senior Medici line died out in the sixteenth century.
Gen 4 · 1449 - 1492
Lorenzo de' Medici (1449-1492), known as Lorenzo the Magnificent, was the de facto ruler of Florence from 1469 until his death and is the figure most closely associated with the Medici name. Grandson of Cosimo de' Medici and son of Piero the Gouty and Lucrezia Tornabuoni, he survived the Pazzi conspiracy of 1478, in which his brother Giuliano was murdered, and went on to steer Florence through decades of shifting Italian alliances with considerable diplomatic skill. An accomplished poet himself, he was the leading patron of the High Renaissance, supporting Michelangelo, Botticelli, and the Platonic Academy of Marsilio Ficino. His sons included Pope Leo X and Giuliano, Duke of Nemours, and his granddaughter was Catherine de' Medici, future queen of France.
Gen 4 · 1453 - 1478
Giuliano de' Medici (1453-1478) was the younger brother of Lorenzo the Magnificent and co-ruler of Florence alongside him. On 26 April 1478 he was stabbed to death in Florence Cathedral during the Pazzi conspiracy, a plot by the rival Pazzi family and allies within the papacy to overthrow Medici rule; Lorenzo survived a simultaneous attack and moved swiftly to suppress the conspirators. Giuliano was admired for his athleticism and courtly manner and was celebrated in Renaissance poetry, including works by Poliziano. Shortly after his death, a son, Giulio de' Medici, was born to his mistress; Giulio was raised within the Medici household and later became Pope Clement VII.
Gen 5 · 1475 - 1521
Giovanni de' Medici (1475-1521) was the second son of Lorenzo the Magnificent, made a cardinal in his teens through his father's influence with the papacy, and elected Pope Leo X in 1513, becoming the first Medici pope. His pontificate was marked by lavish patronage of art and architecture in Rome, continuing the Medici tradition of cultural sponsorship, but also by the sale of indulgences that helped provoke Martin Luther's protest in 1517 and the start of the Protestant Reformation. He restored Medici rule in Florence after the family's earlier expulsion and used his position to advance Medici family interests across Italy. He died in 1521 without legitimate children, and his cousin Giulio later became Pope Clement VII.
Gen 6 · 1498 - 1526
Giovanni de' Medici (1498-1526), known as Giovanni dalle Bande Nere ('of the Black Bands') for the black mourning insignia his troops adopted after Pope Leo X's death, was born in Forli to Giovanni di Pierfrancesco de' Medici and Caterina Sforza, the formidable Countess of Forli. He became one of the most celebrated condottieri, or mercenary captains, of the Italian Wars, commanding troops for Florence, the papacy, and various Italian states and earning a reputation as a brilliant, unconventional military tactician. He married Maria Salviati, a granddaughter of Lorenzo the Magnificent, uniting the junior and senior branches of the Medici family. He died in 1526 following a military campaign against Imperial forces, leaving an infant son, Cosimo, who would become Grand Duke of Tuscany.
Gen 8 · 1541 - 1587
Francesco I de' Medici (1541-1587), eldest surviving son of Cosimo I and Eleanor of Toledo, succeeded his father as second Grand Duke of Tuscany in 1574. More interested in science, alchemy, and the arts than in governing, he founded the Uffizi's Tribuna and a grand-ducal workshop for crafting hardstones and glass. His first marriage, to Joanna of Austria, produced his heir Marie de' Medici, future queen of France, though the marriage was unhappy. After Joanna's death he married his longtime companion, the Venetian noblewoman Bianca Cappello. Francesco and Bianca died within a day of each other in 1587, and he was succeeded by his brother Ferdinando I.
Gen 8 · 1549 - 1609
Ferdinando I de' Medici (1549-1609) was the fifth son of Cosimo I and Eleanor of Toledo, made a cardinal in his teens, and resigned that position to become the third Grand Duke of Tuscany in 1587 after the death of his brother Francesco I. He proved an able administrator, promoting trade by declaring Livorno a free port open to merchants of all faiths, improving Tuscan agriculture and infrastructure, and pursuing a foreign policy more independent of Spain than his predecessors. He married Christina of Lorraine in 1589, and their descendants ruled Tuscany until the extinction of the Medici line in the eighteenth century. He continued the family's tradition of artistic patronage, expanding the Uffizi and Medici art collections.
The House of Habsburg was one of the most powerful royal dynasties in European history, ruling Austria from 1282, supplying almost every Holy Roman Emperor between 1438 and the empire's dissolution in 1806, and reigning over Spain and its overseas empire from 1516 to 1700. Named for a castle in what is now Switzerland, the family rose from modest Swabian counts to sovereigns of lands stretching from the Danube to the Andes, and its senior line ended only in 1918 with the fall of Austria-Hungary. ## Origins The dynasty takes its name from Habsburg Castle in the Aargau, in present-day Switzerland, held by a family of counts with scattered lands in Swabia and Alsace. Its fortunes changed in 1273, when the prince-electors chose Rudolf I as King of the Romans after a long interregnum. Rudolf defeated Ottokar II of Bohemia in 1278, took the duchies of Austria and Styria, and granted them to his sons, moving the family's centre of gravity permanently to Vienna. Two centuries later the marriage of Maximilian I to Mary of Burgundy, and of their son Philip the Handsome to Joanna of Castile, converted a regional Alpine power into a continental one within a single generation. ## Notable members Charles V inherited Spain, the Netherlands, Austria, Naples and the Spanish Americas, and on his abdication in 1556 divided them: Spain and the Low Countries to his son Philip II, the Austrian lands and the imperial title to his brother Ferdinand I. The Spanish branch ran from Philip II through Philip III and Philip IV to Charles II, whose death in 1700 without an heir set off the War of the Spanish Succession. The Austrian branch ran from Ferdinand I through Ferdinand II and Ferdinand III to Charles VI, whose daughter Maria Theresa became the only woman to rule the Habsburg lands in her own right. Her marriage to Francis I Stephen of Lorraine founded the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, which produced Joseph II, Leopold II, Marie Antoinette, Francis II, and the long-reigning Franz Joseph I. ## Significance For six centuries the Habsburgs shaped the map of Europe less by conquest than by marriage, holding together a multilingual realm of Germans, Hungarians, Czechs, Poles, Italians, Croats and others under a single crown. They led the Counter-Reformation, halted Ottoman expansion at Vienna in 1683, and gave Europe both the Thirty Years' War and the Congress system that followed Napoleon. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914 triggered the First World War, and the abdication of Charles I in 1918 ended Habsburg rule. | Fact | Details | | --- | --- | | Founder of the royal line | Rudolf I of Habsburg, King of the Romans from 1273 | | Family seat | Habsburg Castle, Aargau; later Vienna, Graz and Madrid | | Height of power | Charles V (1500 to 1558), ruler of Spain, the Netherlands, Austria, Naples and Spanish America | | Spanish line | Philip II to Charles II, 1556 to 1700 | | Austrian line | Ferdinand I to Charles VI, 1521 to 1740 | | Habsburg-Lorraine | From Maria Theresa and Francis I Stephen, 1736 onward | | Last reigning monarch | Charles I of Austria, who left government in 1918 | | Principal titles | Holy Roman Emperor, Emperor of Austria, King of Spain, Hungary and Bohemia |
The House of Stuart was the royal dynasty that ruled Scotland from 1371 and both Scotland and England from 1603 until 1714, giving Britain fourteen monarchs from Robert II to Queen Anne as well as the Jacobite claimants who carried its cause into exile. Spelled Stewart in Scotland and Stuart after Mary, Queen of Scots adopted the French form, the family holds the unusual distinction of having united two crowns by inheritance rather than conquest, and of ending in a disputed succession that reshaped the British constitution. ## Origins The family took its name from its office. The Stewarts were hereditary High Stewards of Scotland, a post granted in the twelfth century to a Breton house settled in Renfrewshire. In 1315 Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward, married Marjorie Bruce, daughter of King Robert the Bruce. Their son became Robert II in 1371 when the direct Bruce line failed, and the stewardship turned into a crown. For more than two centuries afterwards the Stewarts ruled Scotland alone, through a run of reigns cut short by battle, captivity and long royal minorities that left the nobility unusually powerful. ## Notable members James IV, the most cultivated of the Scottish kings, married Margaret Tudor in 1503 and so planted the claim that would carry his descendants to the English throne. His granddaughter Mary, Queen of Scots became queen at six days old, reigned briefly and turbulently, and was deposed in 1567 and executed in England twenty years later. Her son, James VI of Scotland, inherited the English crown in 1603 as James I and became the first monarch to rule both kingdoms. His son Charles I lost the Civil Wars and his throne; Charles II returned at the Restoration in 1660; James II and VII was deposed in the Revolution of 1688, after which his daughters Mary II and Anne reigned in his place. In exile his son James Francis Edward Stuart and grandson Charles Edward Stuart, remembered as Bonnie Prince Charlie, led the Jacobite attempts to recover the throne, ending with the rising of 1745. ## Significance No other British dynasty changed the shape of the state so much. The Stuarts brought Scotland and England under one sovereign, presided over the King James Bible and the theatre of Shakespeare's late career, lost a king to Parliament, and provoked the settlements of 1689 and 1701 that made the monarchy answerable to Parliament and Protestant by statute. When Queen Anne died childless in 1714, the crown passed under the Act of Settlement to the descendants of her cousin Sophia of Hanover, granddaughter of James VI and I, so every British monarch since is still a Stuart descendant. | Fact | Details | | --- | --- | | Founder | Robert II, King of Scots from 1371 | | Ruled | Scotland 1371 to 1714; England and Ireland 1603 to 1714 | | Origin | Renfrewshire, Scotland | | Union of the Crowns | 1603, under James VI of Scotland and I of England | | Last reigning monarch | Anne, Queen of Great Britain, died 1714 | | Jacobite claimants | James Francis Edward, Charles Edward and Henry Benedict Stuart | | Succeeded by | The House of Hanover, through Sophia of Hanover |
The House of Bourbon is a European royal dynasty, descended in the male line from the Capetian kings of France, that ruled France from 1589 to 1792 and again from 1814 to 1848, and that still reigns in Spain today under King Felipe VI. Over four centuries its members also held the thrones of Navarre, Naples and Sicily, Parma and Etruria, which makes it one of the most widely established royal houses in European history. ## Origins The family takes its name from the lordship of Bourbon in the Auvergne, centred on Bourbon-l'Archambault. Its royal line descends from Robert, Count of Clermont, a younger son of King Louis IX of France, whose marriage to Beatrice of Burgundy, heiress of Bourbon, carried the name into the Capetian house in 1272. For three centuries afterwards the Bourbons were powerful French princes of the blood rather than kings. That changed with Antoine de Bourbon, Duke of Vendome, whose marriage to Jeanne d'Albret, queen regnant of Navarre, produced Henry of Navarre. When the Valois line died out in 1589, Henry was the senior Capetian heir, and he took the French throne as Henry IV. ## Notable members Henry IV ended the French Wars of Religion and issued the Edict of Nantes in 1598. His son Louis XIII, guided by Cardinal Richelieu, built the centralised state that Louis XIV, the Sun King, carried to its height across a reign of seventy-two years, the longest of any European sovereign, and to the palace of Versailles. Louis XV and then Louis XVI inherited that system, and Louis XVI and his queen, Marie Antoinette, were swept away by the French Revolution in 1792. The dynasty returned with Louis XVIII in 1814 and Charles X in 1824, and in 1830 the crown passed to Louis Philippe I of the cadet House of Orleans, the last king to rule in France. ## The Spanish branch In 1700 the childless Charles II of Spain left his crown to Philip, Duke of Anjou, a grandson of Louis XIV. Philip became Philip V, the first Bourbon king of Spain, at the cost of the War of the Spanish Succession, which ended with his renunciation of any claim to the French throne. His descendants include the reforming Charles III, Ferdinand VII, Isabella II, Alfonso XII and Alfonso XIII, who left Spain in 1931. The monarchy was restored in 1975 under Juan Carlos I, grandson of Alfonso XIII, who presided over Spain's transition to democracy and abdicated in 2014 in favour of his son Felipe VI. Felipe's elder daughter Leonor, Princess of Asturias, is heir to the throne. ## Significance No other family links the absolute monarchy of Versailles to a working constitutional monarchy in twenty-first century Madrid. Bourbon marriages tied the house to the Habsburgs of Austria and Spain, the dukes of Savoy, the Medici of Florence and the British royal family, so a Bourbon family tree doubles as a map of European dynastic politics from the Reformation to the present day. | Fact | Details | | --- | --- | | Family name | House of Bourbon (Maison de Bourbon, Casa de Borbon) | | Place of origin | Bourbon-l'Archambault, Auvergne, France | | Founder of the line | Robert, Count of Clermont (1256-1317), son of Louis IX | | First king of France | Henry IV, reigned 1589 to 1610 | | Last king to rule France | Louis Philippe I, reigned 1830 to 1848 | | First king of Spain | Philip V, reigned 1700 to 1746 | | Head of the house in Spain | King Felipe VI, since 2014 | | Heir in Spain | Leonor, Princess of Asturias | | Principal seats | Versailles, Fontainebleau, the Louvre, the Royal Palace of Madrid |
Catherine de' Medici's recorded parents are Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino, Madeleine de la Tour d'Auvergne.
Catherine de' Medici has 1 recorded sibling: Alessandro de' Medici.
Catherine de' Medici is recorded as Queen consort of France in the Medici family tree.
Catherine de' Medici's recorded native place is Florence, Republic of Florence.
11 ancestors and 0 descendants of Catherine de' Medici are recorded so far, within a tree of 41 people.
Catherine de' Medici is recorded as Lorenzo de' Medici's Great-Granddaughter.
Catherine de' Medici is recorded in the Medici family tree on My rOoOts, alongside 40 other people.
Trace Catherine de' Medici's connections across the Medicitree, or begin preserving your own family's history today.
Free. Private by default. GEDCOM export any time.