Public Family Trees/Bourbon/Marie Adélaïde of Savoy
1685 - 1712 · Female · Turin, Savoy
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Marie Adélaïde of Savoy
1685 - 1712
Marie Adélaïde of Savoy was Duchess of Burgundy and, briefly, Dauphine of France, and the mother of Louis XV. Born in Turin in 1685, the eldest daughter of Victor Amadeus II, Duke of Savoy, she came to Versailles in 1696 at the age of ten under a peace treaty between France and Savoy and married Louis, Duke of Burgundy, the following year. Lively and affectionate, she became the favourite companion of the ageing Loui…
Born1685
The beginning of Marie Adélaïde of Savoy's recorded life.
Family
A partnership that connects two branches of the Bourbon family.
Legacy
A defining role in the story of the Bourbon family.
Died1712
The close of a life whose connections continue through the family record.
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Gen 1 · 1518 - 1562
Antoine de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme, was a French prince of the blood and the father of Henry IV, the first Bourbon king of France. Born at La Fère in Picardy in 1518, he was the senior male descendant of Robert, Count of Clermont, a younger son of Louis IX, which placed his branch of the Capetian house close to the French succession. His marriage in 1548 to Jeanne d'Albret, heiress and later queen regnant of Navarre, made him king consort of Navarre from 1555 and joined the Bourbon name to a sovereign crown. He moved between the Catholic and Protestant camps during the French Wars of Religion and served as lieutenant general of the kingdom in the year before his death in 1562.
Gen 2 · 1553 - 1610
Henry IV was the first Bourbon king of France, reigning from 1589 to 1610, and is the figure from whom every later French and Spanish Bourbon descends. Born at Pau in 1553 to Antoine de Bourbon and Jeanne d'Albret, he became King of Navarre in 1572 and leader of the Huguenot cause in the French Wars of Religion. When the Valois line ended with Henry III in 1589 he was the senior Capetian heir, but as a Protestant he had to fight for his kingdom and finally entered Paris after converting to Catholicism in 1593. His Edict of Nantes of 1598 granted French Protestants legal toleration and ended nearly forty years of civil war. With his second wife, Marie de' Medici, he fathered Louis XIII. He died in Paris in 1610.
Gen 3 · 1601 - 1643
Louis XIII was King of France and Navarre from 1610 to 1643, the eldest son of Henry IV and Marie de' Medici. He came to the throne as a boy of eight under his mother's regency and asserted his own authority in 1617. From 1624 he governed with Cardinal Richelieu as his chief minister, a partnership that broke the political and military independence of the Huguenots at the siege of La Rochelle, curbed the power of the great nobles, and brought France into the Thirty Years' War against the Habsburgs of Spain and Austria. His marriage to Anne of Austria produced two sons after more than twenty years without an heir: the future Louis XIV and Philippe, Duke of Orléans, founder of the Orléans branch.
Gen 4 · 1638 - 1715
Louis XIV, known as the Sun King, reigned as King of France and Navarre from 1643 to 1715, a span of seventy-two years that remains the longest documented reign of any European sovereign. The son of Louis XIII and Anne of Austria, he succeeded at the age of four, took personal control of government on Mazarin's death in 1661, and ruled thereafter without a first minister. He made the court at Versailles the centre of French political and cultural life, backed the arts and the sciences through royal academies, revoked the Edict of Nantes in 1685, and fought a long series of wars that left France dominant but exhausted. His marriage to Maria Theresa of Spain produced the Grand Dauphin, and his grandson Philip took the Spanish throne in 1700.
Gen 5 · 1661 - 1711
Louis, known as the Grand Dauphin and addressed at court simply as Monseigneur, was the eldest son of Louis XIV and Maria Theresa of Spain and heir to the French throne for almost fifty years without ever reigning. Born at Fontainebleau in 1661, he was educated under the historian Bossuet, commanded French forces in the Rhineland campaign of 1688, and otherwise lived apart from government at his château of Meudon, where he assembled a notable art collection. His marriage to Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria produced three sons: Louis, Duke of Burgundy, Philip, who became Philip V of Spain, and Charles, Duke of Berry. He died at Meudon in 1711, four years before his father.
Gen 7 · 1707 - 1724
Louis I was King of Spain for seven months in 1724 and remains the shortest reigning monarch in Spanish history. Born in Madrid in 1707, he was the eldest son of Philip V and Maria Luisa of Savoy and the first Spanish born member of the Bourbon dynasty. He was created Prince of Asturias as heir to the throne and married Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans, a daughter of the Regent of France, in 1722. His father abdicated in his favour in January 1724, apparently intending to retire from public life, and the young king took over a government still largely run by his father's ministers. He died in Madrid in August 1724, and Philip V resumed the crown.
Gen 9 · 1754 - 1793
Louis XVI was the last king of France of the old regime, reigning from 1774 until the monarchy was abolished in 1792. Born at Versailles in 1754, a grandson of Louis XV, he came to the throne at nineteen and married the Austrian archduchess Marie Antoinette. He supported the American colonies against Britain, backed attempts at fiscal and administrative reform, and abolished serfdom on the royal domain, but the crown's debts forced him to summon the Estates General in 1789, opening the French Revolution. He accepted the constitutional monarchy of 1791, was suspended after the storming of the Tuileries in August 1792, and was tried by the National Convention. He died in Paris in January 1793.
Gen 10 · 1775 - 1844
Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême, was the elder son of Charles X and the last Dauphin of France. Born at Versailles in 1775, he spent his youth in emigration and in 1799 married his first cousin Marie-Thérèse Charlotte, the surviving daughter of Louis XVI, a match intended to reunite the senior royal line. He returned to France in 1814 and in 1823 commanded the French army that marched into Spain to restore the authority of Ferdinand VII. He became Dauphin when his father took the throne in 1824. During the July Revolution of 1830 he signed an act of abdication minutes after his father's, so that legitimists counted him as Louis XIX for a matter of moments. He died at Gorizia in 1844.
Gen 11 · 1820 - 1883
Henri, Count of Chambord, was the posthumous son of Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry, and the last direct male heir of the senior French Bourbon line. Born in Paris in 1820, he was hailed by royalists as the child of miracle because his birth came after his father's death and secured the succession. Charles X abdicated in his favour in 1830, and legitimists thereafter recognised him as Henry V, though he never reigned and spent his life abroad, chiefly at Frohsdorf in Austria. In 1873, with a monarchist majority in the National Assembly, he came close to being placed on a restored throne, but he refused to abandon the white flag of the Bourbons for the tricolour and the plan collapsed. He died childless in 1883.
Gen 12 · 1886 - 1941
Alfonso XIII was King of Spain from his birth in 1886 until 1931. The posthumous son of Alfonso XII and Maria Christina of Austria, he was king from the day he was born and reigned under his mother's regency until 1902. He kept Spain neutral in the First World War and used that neutrality to run an office in Madrid that traced missing prisoners of war for families across Europe. His reign was strained by colonial war in Morocco and by deep social conflict at home, and in 1923 he accepted the dictatorship of General Primo de Rivera. After municipal elections in April 1931 returned a strong republican vote, he left Spain without abdicating. He married Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg, a granddaughter of Queen Victoria, and died in Rome in 1941.
Gen 13 · 1913 - 1993
Juan de Borbón, Count of Barcelona, was the head of the Spanish royal house from 1941 to 1977 and the father of King Juan Carlos I. Born at the palace of La Granja de San Ildefonso in 1913, the third son of Alfonso XIII, he trained as a naval officer with the British Royal Navy and became heir when his two elder brothers renounced their rights. He lived in exile in Italy, Switzerland and Portugal after 1931, pressed the case for a restored constitutional monarchy against Franco's regime in his Lausanne Manifesto of 1945, and agreed that his son should be educated in Spain. He never reigned: in 1977, two years after Juan Carlos became king, he formally handed over his dynastic rights. He died in Pamplona in 1993 and was buried among the kings at El Escorial.
The House of Plantagenet was the royal dynasty that ruled England for 331 years, from the accession of Henry II in 1154 to the death of Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485, making it the longest-reigning royal house in English history. Fourteen Plantagenet kings held the throne in unbroken succession, and in the fifteenth century the family's two junior branches, the houses of Lancaster and York, fought each other for the crown in the civil wars later known as the Wars of the Roses. ## Origins The dynasty came from Anjou in western France. Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou, is said to have worn a sprig of broom, *planta genista*, in his cap, and from that nickname the family eventually took its name, although it was not used as an actual surname until Richard, 3rd Duke of York, adopted it in the 1440s. Geoffrey's marriage in 1128 to Empress Matilda, daughter and designated heir of Henry I of England, gave their son a claim to the English throne that he made good in 1154. With Normandy and Anjou behind him, and Aquitaine gained through his marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine, Henry II ruled lands reaching from the Scottish border to the Pyrenees, the assemblage historians call the Angevin Empire. ## Notable members The early, or Angevin, kings are among the most familiar names in English history: Henry II, whose itinerant justices and sworn juries laid the foundations of the common law; Richard the Lionheart, a leading commander of the Third Crusade; and King John, who sealed Magna Carta at Runnymede in 1215. Henry III rebuilt Westminster Abbey, Edward I conquered Wales and summoned the Model Parliament, and Edward III opened the Hundred Years' War and founded the Order of the Garter. Later generations produced Edward the Black Prince, the victor of Poitiers, Henry V of Agincourt, and Richard III, whose lost grave was rediscovered in Leicester in 2012. ## Lancaster and York Edward III's many sons divided the dynasty. From his third surviving son, John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, came Henry IV, Henry V and Henry VI, and, through Gaunt's Beaufort children, Margaret Beaufort and her son Henry VII. From his fourth son, Edmund of Langley, Duke of York, combined with the senior Mortimer descent from his second son, Lionel of Antwerp, came Richard, 3rd Duke of York, and his sons Edward IV and Richard III. The rivalry of those branches produced thirty years of intermittent civil war, ending when Henry Tudor defeated Richard III at Bosworth and married Elizabeth of York, uniting the red and white roses. ## Significance No other family has shaped English institutions so deeply. Under the Plantagenets, Magna Carta became a settled principle, parliament grew from an occasional royal council into a body whose consent was needed for taxation, the common law took its enduring form, and English displaced French as the language of the court. Their castles, abbeys and cathedrals still define the medieval landscape of England and Wales. | Fact | Details | | --- | --- | | Ruled | England, 1154 to 1485 | | Founder | Henry II, son of Geoffrey V of Anjou and Empress Matilda | | Place of origin | Anjou, France | | Kings | Fourteen, from Henry II to Richard III | | Branches | Angevin, Lancaster, York | | Emblems | The broom flower, the red rose of Lancaster, the white rose of York | | Last king | Richard III, killed at Bosworth in 1485 | | Legacy | Magna Carta, English common law, the growth of parliament |
The Rothschilds are a European banking dynasty founded in Frankfurt am Main by Mayer Amschel Rothschild (1744-1812), whose five sons established banking houses in Frankfurt, Vienna, Naples, London and Paris and together built the most powerful private financial network of the nineteenth century. ## Origins Mayer Amschel Rothschild was born in 1744 in the Judengasse, the walled Jewish street of Frankfurt am Main, where the family took its name from the red shield that had marked an ancestor's house. He began as a dealer in rare coins and medals, became court factor to Crown Prince Wilhelm of Hesse-Kassel in 1769, and turned that position into a banking business handling loans, bullion and government paper. With his wife Gutle Schnapper he had ten children who reached adulthood, five sons and five daughters. ## The five houses Mayer Amschel's decisive act was to place his sons in five cities so that the family could move money and news across borders as a single firm. Amschel Mayer stayed in Frankfurt, Salomon went to Vienna, Nathan to London, Carl to Naples and James to Paris. The brothers financed the allied campaigns against Napoleon, then the governments, railways and industries of nineteenth century Europe. The Naples house closed in 1860 with Italian unification, Frankfurt in 1901 for want of an heir, and Vienna in 1938 after the Anschluss. London and Paris survived, and their successors trade today as Rothschild and Co and the Edmond de Rothschild Group. ## Notable members Nathan Mayer Rothschild founded N M Rothschild and Sons and made London the centre of international lending. His son Lionel broke the bar on Jews sitting in Parliament, taking his Commons seat in 1858, and his grandson Nathan Mayer became the first Jewish member of the House of Lords in 1885. James Mayer de Rothschild dominated French finance under three regimes and bought Chateau Lafite, while his son Edmond funded the first Jewish agricultural settlements in Palestine. The family also produced naturalists and collectors rather than only bankers: Walter, 2nd Baron Rothschild, the zoologist to whom the Balfour Declaration was addressed in 1917; his brother Charles, the flea specialist who founded British nature conservation; Charles's daughter Dame Miriam Rothschild, a Fellow of the Royal Society; and another daughter, Nica, the patron of Thelonious Monk. Jacob, 4th Baron Rothschild, built RIT Capital Partners and chaired the trustees of the National Gallery. ## Significance The Rothschilds were the first banking family to operate as a genuinely international partnership, and for much of the nineteenth century they were the principal lenders to European states. Their name is attached to railways, mines, hospitals, museums, nature reserves, Bordeaux first growths and a long tradition of Jewish philanthropy. Repeated marriages between first cousins kept capital and control inside the family, which is why the branches of this tree cross back into one another so often. | Fact | Details | | --- | --- | | Founder | Mayer Amschel Rothschild (1744-1812) | | Matriarch | Gutle Schnapper (1753-1849) | | Origin | The Judengasse, Frankfurt am Main | | Children of the founder | Ten, five sons and five daughters | | The five houses | Frankfurt, Vienna, Naples, London, Paris | | Motto | Concordia, Integritas, Industria | | Principal firms | N M Rothschild and Sons, de Rothschild Freres, S. M. von Rothschild | | Still active today | Rothschild and Co, Edmond de Rothschild Group | | Known for | Government finance, railways, wine estates, natural history, art collections, philanthropy |
The Belgian royal family, formally the House of Belgium and dynastically a branch of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, is the reigning family of Belgium, founded when the German prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld accepted the throne of the newly independent kingdom in 1831 and continuing today through King Philippe and his heir, Princess Elisabeth, Duchess of Brabant. Belgium became independent from the Netherlands in 1830 and chose a constitutional monarchy. Its National Congress looked abroad for a sovereign who could balance French and British interests, and settled on Leopold, a widowed, well-connected and famously cautious prince who had already turned down the crown of Greece. He took the constitutional oath on 21 July 1831, still the Belgian national day. Seven monarchs have reigned since: Leopold I, Leopold II, Albert I, Leopold III, Baudouin, Albert II and Philippe. ## Origins The dynasty's roots are in the small Thuringian duchy of Saxe-Coburg, whose princes married into half the thrones of nineteenth-century Europe. Leopold I was the uncle of both Queen Victoria and her husband Prince Albert, and his second marriage, to Louise-Marie of Orleans, daughter of the French king Louis Philippe I, tied the new kingdom to Paris as well as London. The crown did not pass in a straight line: Leopold II's only son died at the age of nine, so the succession moved to Leopold II's brother Philippe, Count of Flanders, and then to Philippe's son, Albert I. Every Belgian monarch since 1909 descends from that collateral branch. ## Notable members Leopold II is the most studied and most criticised figure in the family, remembered for the industrial boom and monumental building of his reign and, above all, for his personal rule over the Congo Free State. Albert I and Queen Elisabeth of Bavaria became wartime symbols of Belgian resistance behind the Yser in 1914. Leopold III's surrender in 1940 and his conduct under occupation triggered the political crisis known as the Royal Question and ended in his abdication. Baudouin reigned for 42 years and presided over Congolese independence and Belgium's transformation into a federal state. Daughters of the house carried its blood outward: Charlotte became Empress Carlota of Mexico, Marie-Jose was the last Queen of Italy, and Josephine-Charlotte was Grand Duchess of Luxembourg. ## Significance In a country divided by language, the monarchy has been the one institution claimed by both Flemish and Walloon Belgians, and the king's role in brokering coalition governments remains politically real rather than ceremonial. The family has also changed with the country: equal succession was introduced in 1991, making Princess Elisabeth the first female Duchess of Brabant and the future first queen regnant of the Belgians, and in 2020 a court recognised Delphine of Saxe-Coburg as a daughter of Albert II. | Fact | Details | | --- | --- | | Dynasty | House of Belgium (Saxe-Coburg and Gotha) | | Country | Kingdom of Belgium | | Founder | Leopold I, King of the Belgians (1790-1865) | | Reigning since | 21 July 1831 | | Monarchs to date | Seven, from Leopold I to Philippe | | Current head | King Philippe (born 1960), reigning since 2013 | | Heir apparent | Princess Elisabeth, Duchess of Brabant (born 2001) | | Principal residences | Royal Palace of Brussels, Castle of Laeken | | Motto | L'union fait la force / Eendracht maakt macht |
Marie Adélaïde of Savoy has 1 recorded child: Louis XV of France.
Marie Adélaïde of Savoy married Louis Duke of Burgundy.
Marie Adélaïde of Savoy is recorded as Duchess of Burgundy and Dauphine of France in the Bourbon family tree.
Marie Adélaïde of Savoy's recorded native place is Turin, Savoy.
0 ancestors and 10 descendants of Marie Adélaïde of Savoy are recorded so far, within a tree of 60 people.
Marie Adélaïde of Savoy is recorded as Henry IV of France's 5 steps away.
Marie Adélaïde of Savoy is recorded in the Bourbon family tree on My rOoOts, alongside 59 other people.
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