Public Family Trees/Bourbon/Louis Grand Dauphin of France
Photo: After Joseph Parrocel / Workshop of Hyacinthe Rigaud, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
1661 - 1711 · Male · Fontainebleau, France
Son of Louis XIV of France and Maria Theresa of Spain
5
Generation
8
Ancestors
27
Descendants
2
Children
1
Marriages
Louis, known as the Grand Dauphin and addressed at court simply as Monseigneur, was the eldest son of Louis XIV and Maria Theresa of Spain and heir to the French throne for almost fifty years without ever reigning. Born at Fontainebleau in 1661, he was educated under the historian Bossuet, commanded French forces in the Rhineland campaign of 1688, and otherwise lived apart from government at his château of Meudon, wh…
Born1661
Born to Louis XIV of France, Maria Theresa of Spain.
Family
A partnership that connects two branches of the Bourbon family.
Next Generation
2 children recorded in this branch.
Legacy
A defining role in the story of the Bourbon family.
Died1711
The close of a life whose connections continue through the family record.
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Gen 1 · 1518 - 1562
Antoine de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme, was a French prince of the blood and the father of Henry IV, the first Bourbon king of France. Born at La Fère in Picardy in 1518, he was the senior male descendant of Robert, Count of Clermont, a younger son of Louis IX, which placed his branch of the Capetian house close to the French succession. His marriage in 1548 to Jeanne d'Albret, heiress and later queen regnant of Navarre, made him king consort of Navarre from 1555 and joined the Bourbon name to a sovereign crown. He moved between the Catholic and Protestant camps during the French Wars of Religion and served as lieutenant general of the kingdom in the year before his death in 1562.
Gen 1 · 1528 - 1572
Jeanne d'Albret was queen regnant of Navarre from 1555 until 1572 and the mother of Henry IV of France. The daughter of Henry II of Navarre and Marguerite of Angoulême, sister of Francis I of France, she inherited the small Pyrenean kingdom and ruled it in her own right. Her marriage to Antoine de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme, brought the Bourbons a crown and produced Henry of Navarre, who would become the first Bourbon king of France. Jeanne converted to Calvinism in 1560 and became the most prominent Protestant ruler in France, establishing the reformed religion in Béarn and acting as a political leader of the Huguenot party. She died in Paris in 1572.
Gen 2 · 1553 - 1610
Henry IV was the first Bourbon king of France, reigning from 1589 to 1610, and is the figure from whom every later French and Spanish Bourbon descends. Born at Pau in 1553 to Antoine de Bourbon and Jeanne d'Albret, he became King of Navarre in 1572 and leader of the Huguenot cause in the French Wars of Religion. When the Valois line ended with Henry III in 1589 he was the senior Capetian heir, but as a Protestant he had to fight for his kingdom and finally entered Paris after converting to Catholicism in 1593. His Edict of Nantes of 1598 granted French Protestants legal toleration and ended nearly forty years of civil war. With his second wife, Marie de' Medici, he fathered Louis XIII. He died in Paris in 1610.
Gen 3 · 1609 - 1669
Henrietta Maria was Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland as the wife of Charles I, and the youngest daughter of Henry IV of France and Marie de' Medici. Born in Paris in 1609, she married Charles in 1625, and her Catholicism made her a controversial figure at the English court and a target of Parliament's suspicion in the years before the English Civil War. She raised funds and support abroad for the royalist cause and spent the years of the war and the Commonwealth in France, returning to England after the Restoration of her son Charles II in 1660. Her sons Charles II and James II both became kings of England. The American colony of Maryland was named in her honour. She died near Paris in 1669.
Gen 4 · 1640 - 1701
Philippe I, Duke of Orléans, was the younger son of Louis XIII and Anne of Austria, the only brother of Louis XIV, and the founder of the Orléans branch of the Bourbons that eventually gave France its last king. Born in 1640, he was known at court simply as Monsieur. He was a capable soldier who commanded the French army to victory at the Battle of Cassel in 1677, after which Louis XIV gave him no further independent command. At his residences of Saint-Cloud and the Palais-Royal he was a lavish patron of art, theatre and gardens. His first wife was Henrietta of England; his second, Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate, was the mother of his successor Philippe II. He died at Saint-Cloud in 1701.
Gen 5 · 1674 - 1723
Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, governed France as regent from 1715 to 1723 during the minority of Louis XV, a period known ever since as the Régence. Born at Saint-Cloud in 1674, the son of Philippe I and Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate, he was a nephew of Louis XIV and distinguished himself as a commander in Italy and Spain during the War of the Spanish Succession. As regent he set aside the late king's will, restored a measure of influence to the parlement and the nobility, reversed the alliance with Spain in favour of Britain, and supported the financial experiments of the Scottish banker John Law, whose paper money scheme collapsed spectacularly in 1720. He was a cultivated patron of painting and opera and died at Versailles in 1723.
Gen 8 · 1729 - 1765
Louis, Dauphin of France, was the only surviving son of Louis XV and Marie Leszczyńska and the father of three kings, yet he never reigned himself. Born at Versailles in 1729, his birth secured the direct succession and was greeted with public rejoicing. He was pious, studious and associated with the devout party at court, and he was largely kept away from government by his father. His first wife, Maria Teresa Rafaela of Spain, died young; his second marriage, to Maria Josepha of Saxony, produced Louis XVI, Louis XVIII and Charles X, who between them occupied the French throne for all but three of the years from 1774 to 1830. He died at Fontainebleau in 1765, nine years before his father.
Gen 8 · 1747 - 1793
Louis Philippe Joseph, Duke of Orléans, known from 1792 as Philippe Égalité, was the head of the Orléans branch of the Bourbons and the father of King Louis Philippe I. Born at Saint-Cloud in 1747, he served in the navy at the Battle of Ushant in 1778 and opened the gardens and arcades of his Palais-Royal to the Paris public, making them a centre of political discussion in the 1780s. A cousin of Louis XVI and a prominent freemason, he joined the third estate in 1789, was elected to the National Convention as a deputy for Paris, and adopted the surname Égalité when titles were abolished. His popularity with the revolutionary left did not survive the defection of General Dumouriez, and he died in Paris in November 1793.
Gen 9 · 1754 - 1793
Louis XVI was the last king of France of the old regime, reigning from 1774 until the monarchy was abolished in 1792. Born at Versailles in 1754, a grandson of Louis XV, he came to the throne at nineteen and married the Austrian archduchess Marie Antoinette. He supported the American colonies against Britain, backed attempts at fiscal and administrative reform, and abolished serfdom on the royal domain, but the crown's debts forced him to summon the Estates General in 1789, opening the French Revolution. He accepted the constitutional monarchy of 1791, was suspended after the storming of the Tuileries in August 1792, and was tried by the National Convention. He died in Paris in January 1793.
Gen 9 · 1755 - 1824
Louis XVIII was King of France from 1814 to 1824, the first Bourbon to rule after the Revolution and the Empire. Born at Versailles in 1755 as the Count of Provence, he was the younger brother of Louis XVI and left France in 1791, spending more than twenty years in exile in Germany, Russia and England while claiming the throne after his nephew Louis XVII died in 1795. He was restored on Napoleon's abdication in 1814, fled again during the Hundred Days of 1815, and returned after Waterloo. His reign rested on the Charter of 1814, a constitutional settlement that kept a hereditary king alongside an elected chamber and preserved much of the legal and administrative work of the Revolution. He died in Paris in 1824 and was succeeded by his brother Charles X.
Gen 10 · 1775 - 1844
Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême, was the elder son of Charles X and the last Dauphin of France. Born at Versailles in 1775, he spent his youth in emigration and in 1799 married his first cousin Marie-Thérèse Charlotte, the surviving daughter of Louis XVI, a match intended to reunite the senior royal line. He returned to France in 1814 and in 1823 commanded the French army that marched into Spain to restore the authority of Ferdinand VII. He became Dauphin when his father took the throne in 1824. During the July Revolution of 1830 he signed an act of abdication minutes after his father's, so that legitimists counted him as Louis XIX for a matter of moments. He died at Gorizia in 1844.
The House of Bernadotte is the royal family of Sweden, founded by the French marshal Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, who was elected Swedish crown prince in 1810 and reigned from 1818 as King Charles XIV John, and it has held the throne in an unbroken line ever since, down to King Carl XVI Gustaf, Crown Princess Victoria and Princess Estelle. ## Origins The dynasty began far from Sweden, in the Gascon town of Pau, where Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte was born in 1763 as the son of a provincial lawyer. He rose through the revolutionary French army to become a Marshal of the Empire and Prince of Pontecorvo. In 1810 the Swedish Riksdag, left without an heir after the deposition of Gustav IV Adolf and the accession of the childless Charles XIII, unexpectedly offered the succession to the French marshal. He accepted, converted to Lutheranism, took the name Charles John and in 1818 became king of both Sweden and Norway. His marriage to Desiree Clary, a Marseille merchant's daughter once engaged to Napoleon, produced the dynasty's second king, Oscar I. ## Notable members Oscar I's marriage to Josephine of Leuchtenberg, a granddaughter of the Empress Josephine, brought a descent from Sweden's older royal houses into the line, and Gustaf V's marriage to Victoria of Baden, a great granddaughter of the deposed Gustav IV Adolf, reinforced it. Later generations produced an unusual number of figures known for work outside the court: Prince Eugen, one of Sweden's foremost landscape painters; Gustaf VI Adolf, a working archaeologist and botanist; and Sigvard Bernadotte, an industrial designer. The family's daughters carried the name into the other Scandinavian monarchies and into Belgium: Ingrid became queen of Denmark, Astrid queen of the Belgians and Martha crown princess of Norway, which makes this tree a close relative of the Glucksburg line. ## Significance Under the Bernadottes the Swedish monarchy moved from real political power to a purely ceremonial role, settled by the constitution of 1974. In 1980 Sweden became the first monarchy to adopt full absolute primogeniture, making the infant Crown Princess Victoria heir ahead of her younger brother. Carl XVI Gustaf, who became heir at nine months old and king in 1973, is the longest reigning monarch in Swedish history. Several princes of the house lost their royal titles by marrying commoners and were created Counts of Wisborg by the Grand Duke of Luxembourg, a kinsman through Queen Sophia of Nassau, which is why the Bernadotte name is borne today both by a reigning royal house and by a line of counts. | Fact | Details | | --- | --- | | Family name | House of Bernadotte | | Country | Sweden, and Norway until 1905 | | Founder | Charles XIV John, born Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte (1763 to 1844) | | Reigning since | 1818 | | Monarchs | Charles XIV John, Oscar I, Charles XV, Oscar II, Gustaf V, Gustaf VI Adolf, Carl XVI Gustaf | | Current head | King Carl XVI Gustaf, reigning since 1973 | | Heir apparent | Crown Princess Victoria, Duchess of Vastergotland | | Principal residences | Stockholm Palace, Drottningholm Palace, Haga Palace | | Royal motto | "For Sweden, with the times" (Carl XVI Gustaf) |
The House of Hohenzollern is the German dynasty that ruled Brandenburg from 1415, held the Prussian crown from 1701, and gave Germany its three emperors between 1871 and the fall of the monarchy in 1918. This tree follows the senior Prussian line in one unbroken descent, from Frederick William the Great Elector, through the kings of Prussia and the German Emperors, down to Georg Friedrich, Prince of Prussia, the present head of the house. ## Origins The family takes its name from Hohenzollern Castle on a hill in the Swabian Alb, where a line of counts is recorded from the eleventh century. A Swabian Zollern married into the burgraviate of Nuremberg in 1192, and the Franconian branch that grew from it spent two centuries accumulating lands and credit with the Holy Roman Emperors. The decisive moment came in 1415, when Emperor Sigismund invested Frederick VI of Nuremberg as Elector of Brandenburg in return for his political and financial support. The Duchy of Prussia, a separate inheritance lying outside the Empire, passed to the Brandenburg electors in 1618, and Frederick William, the Great Elector, welded the two into a single functioning state after the devastation of the Thirty Years' War. ## Notable members Frederick I turned the electorate into a kingdom in 1701. His son Frederick William I, the Soldier King, built the army and the treasury that his own son, **Frederick the Great**, used to seize Silesia and to make Prussia a European power, while also composing music, building Sanssouci and corresponding with Voltaire. **Queen Louise** became the emotional centre of Prussian resistance to Napoleon. **Wilhelm I**, with Otto von Bismarck as his minister president, was proclaimed German Emperor at Versailles in 1871. His son **Frederick III** and the liberal English princess he married, Victoria, daughter of Queen Victoria, reigned for only ninety nine days. **Wilhelm II**, the last Kaiser, abdicated in 1918 and died in Dutch exile in 1941. ## Significance No other German family shaped the modern state so directly. Hohenzollern rulers created the Prussian civil service, compulsory schooling and the general staff, sponsored the Berlin academies and the Humboldt university model, and then used Prussian power to unify Germany around themselves. The monarchy ended with the revolution of November 1918, but the house continues as a private family: the headship passed from Wilhelm II to his eldest son, then to Louis Ferdinand, and in 1994 to Georg Friedrich, whose own father and uncles are part of the succession story told in this tree. ## Quick facts | Fact | Details | |---|---| | Family name | Hohenzollern | | Place of origin | Hohenzollern Castle, Swabia, southern Germany | | Ruled | Brandenburg from 1415, Prussia from 1618, Germany from 1871 | | Royal title | King in Prussia from 1701, King of Prussia from 1772 | | Imperial title | German Emperor, 1871 to 1918 | | German Emperors | Wilhelm I, Frederick III, Wilhelm II | | Monarchy ended | 9 November 1918 | | Present head of the house | Georg Friedrich, Prince of Prussia, since 1994 | | Principal residences | Berlin City Palace, Sanssouci and Cecilienhof at Potsdam, Charlottenburg | | Branch shown here | The senior Prussian line only, not Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen |
The Rothschilds are a European banking dynasty founded in Frankfurt am Main by Mayer Amschel Rothschild (1744-1812), whose five sons established banking houses in Frankfurt, Vienna, Naples, London and Paris and together built the most powerful private financial network of the nineteenth century. ## Origins Mayer Amschel Rothschild was born in 1744 in the Judengasse, the walled Jewish street of Frankfurt am Main, where the family took its name from the red shield that had marked an ancestor's house. He began as a dealer in rare coins and medals, became court factor to Crown Prince Wilhelm of Hesse-Kassel in 1769, and turned that position into a banking business handling loans, bullion and government paper. With his wife Gutle Schnapper he had ten children who reached adulthood, five sons and five daughters. ## The five houses Mayer Amschel's decisive act was to place his sons in five cities so that the family could move money and news across borders as a single firm. Amschel Mayer stayed in Frankfurt, Salomon went to Vienna, Nathan to London, Carl to Naples and James to Paris. The brothers financed the allied campaigns against Napoleon, then the governments, railways and industries of nineteenth century Europe. The Naples house closed in 1860 with Italian unification, Frankfurt in 1901 for want of an heir, and Vienna in 1938 after the Anschluss. London and Paris survived, and their successors trade today as Rothschild and Co and the Edmond de Rothschild Group. ## Notable members Nathan Mayer Rothschild founded N M Rothschild and Sons and made London the centre of international lending. His son Lionel broke the bar on Jews sitting in Parliament, taking his Commons seat in 1858, and his grandson Nathan Mayer became the first Jewish member of the House of Lords in 1885. James Mayer de Rothschild dominated French finance under three regimes and bought Chateau Lafite, while his son Edmond funded the first Jewish agricultural settlements in Palestine. The family also produced naturalists and collectors rather than only bankers: Walter, 2nd Baron Rothschild, the zoologist to whom the Balfour Declaration was addressed in 1917; his brother Charles, the flea specialist who founded British nature conservation; Charles's daughter Dame Miriam Rothschild, a Fellow of the Royal Society; and another daughter, Nica, the patron of Thelonious Monk. Jacob, 4th Baron Rothschild, built RIT Capital Partners and chaired the trustees of the National Gallery. ## Significance The Rothschilds were the first banking family to operate as a genuinely international partnership, and for much of the nineteenth century they were the principal lenders to European states. Their name is attached to railways, mines, hospitals, museums, nature reserves, Bordeaux first growths and a long tradition of Jewish philanthropy. Repeated marriages between first cousins kept capital and control inside the family, which is why the branches of this tree cross back into one another so often. | Fact | Details | | --- | --- | | Founder | Mayer Amschel Rothschild (1744-1812) | | Matriarch | Gutle Schnapper (1753-1849) | | Origin | The Judengasse, Frankfurt am Main | | Children of the founder | Ten, five sons and five daughters | | The five houses | Frankfurt, Vienna, Naples, London, Paris | | Motto | Concordia, Integritas, Industria | | Principal firms | N M Rothschild and Sons, de Rothschild Freres, S. M. von Rothschild | | Still active today | Rothschild and Co, Edmond de Rothschild Group | | Known for | Government finance, railways, wine estates, natural history, art collections, philanthropy |
Louis Grand Dauphin of France's recorded parents are Louis XIV of France, Maria Theresa of Spain.
Louis Grand Dauphin of France has 2 recorded children: Louis Duke of Burgundy, Philip V of Spain.
Louis Grand Dauphin of France married Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria.
Louis Grand Dauphin of France is recorded as Dauphin of France in the Bourbon family tree.
Louis Grand Dauphin of France's recorded native place is Fontainebleau, France.
8 ancestors and 27 descendants of Louis Grand Dauphin of France are recorded so far, within a tree of 60 people.
Louis Grand Dauphin of France is recorded as Henry IV of France's Great-Grandson.
Louis Grand Dauphin of France is recorded in the Bourbon family tree on My rOoOts, alongside 59 other people.
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